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Study on Analgesic Activity of
Morphinum 4X
and Arnica
3X in
Experimental Animal Model
Dr.A.B.Ram Jyothis.B.H.M.S, M.D (Hom) Homoeopathic
Pharmacy.
Lecturer. Fr.Muller's Homeopathic Medical College. Mangalore |
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(This Scientific
paper was presented in Homoeopathic Conference – 2006 held
at Fr.Muller Homoeopathic Medical College & Hospital,
Derelakatte, Mangalore on 10 th December 2006.)
Introduction:
The purpose of fundamental research is to describe and
possibly to understand the phenomena purported by
homoeopathy, using the experimental method. Experimental
method is based on the assumption that any hypothesis should
be testable, i. e. measurements can be done to prove or
disprove it. To do this, we need specific and carefully
selected experimental models.
Similar to clinical study, laboratory research is able to
show biological activity of homeopathic medicines that
cannot be explained as a placebo response. Laboratory
research is also capable of shedding some new light on how
the homeopathic medicines may work. This study seeks to test
the analgesic effects of Morphinum 4X and Arnica 3X on
animals so that researchers can apply the information for
human health and to understand biological phenomena of
higher potencies.
Objectives:
1) To evaluate the effects of Homoeopathic potencies in
Experimental Animal.
2) To evaluate the Analgesic Property of Morphinum4X and
Arnica 3X. by Eddy’s hot plate Method.
Materials and Methods:
Testing Potencies:
Morphinum 4X and Arnica 3X were prepared with Sac Lac and
Aqua distillata respectively.
Experimental Animals:
Male albino mice (Swiss strain) were used. Four groups
(I-IV), each comprising of six animals weighing between
(20-25g) were selected.
GROUP-I -Control group treated with Aqua distillata
(10ml/kg, p.o)
GROUP-II - Group treated with Pentazocine (5mg/kg, i.p)
GROUP III - Group treated with Morphinum 4X (10ml/kg, p.o)
GROUP IV - Group treated with Arnica 3X (10ml/kg, p.o)
For Group I, III, and IV, three treatments were given at an
interval of one hour and experiment was conducted one hour
after the last treatment. For Group II, one dose was given
30 minutes prior to the experiment.
Eddy’s hot plate:
In this method heat is used as a source of pain. Animals are
individually placed on a hot plate maintained at constant
temperature (55◦C) and the reaction of animals, such as paw
licking or jump response is taken as the end point.
Analgesics increase the reaction time.
Statistical Analysis
The results were statistically processed by Analysis of
variance test (ANOVA) to compare the effects on treatment
groups before and after treatment with control group and
Dunnet’s t test were used to determine the effect of each
treatment against control group.
The null hypothesis (H0) was assumed that there was no
difference in effects of treatments between the treatment
groups compared with control group and alternate hypothesis
(H1) was assumed there was significant difference in effect
of treatment between the treatment groups compared with
control group.
Observation and Result
Control
group exhibit no increase in reaction time.
Group treated with Pentazocine exhibit increase in reaction
time up to 10 sec.
Group treated with Arnica 3X exhibit increase in reaction
time up to 6.3 sec.
Group treated with Morphinum 4X exhibit increase in reaction
time up to 8.83 sec
The standard drug, Pentazocine (5mg/Kg, i.p) increase the
reaction time by 65% (P<0.001), Morphinum 4X (10 ml/Kg, o.p)
increase the reaction time by 49.03% (P<0.001) and Arnica 3X
(10 ml/Kg, o.p) increase the reaction time by 46.51%
(P<0.001).
Table - 1
ANALGESIC EFFECT – EDDY’S HOT PLATE
|
Group |
Treatment |
Dose |
Basal reaction time.
(sec) |
Reaction time after treatment. (sec) |
%
increase
in reaction time |
|
1 |
Control
|
10ml/kg
p.o |
4.66±0.33 |
4.66±0.33 |
0% |
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2 |
Pentazocine
|
5mg/kg
i.p |
3.5±0.22 |
10±0.73 |
65% |
|
3 |
Arnica
3X
|
10ml/kg
p.o |
4.3±0.21 |
6.3±0.44 |
46.51% |
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4 |
Morphinum 4X |
10ml/kg
p.o |
4.5±0.34 |
8.83±0.47 |
49.03% |
Number of animals used in each
group: 6
The results are in Mean±SEM
Before Treatment:
Table -2
Analysis of variance table for Analgesic activity before
treatment.
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Source of
variation |
df |
Sum of squares |
Mean sum of squares |
F-ratio |
F-table value |
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Treatment
Error
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4-1=3
23- 3=20 |
4.83
9.67 |
1.61
0.483 |
3.33*** |
4.94 |
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Total
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24- 1=23 |
14.5 |
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***P > 0.01, df 3, 20.
From the table 2, calculated F- value (3.33) is compared
with table F- value (4.94) with 3, 20 df at 1% level of
significance. Therefore the calculated F value is less than
table F value. So the null hypothesis is accepted and there
is no significant difference in the Analgesic activity among
the groups before treatment.
After Treatment:
Table - 3
Analysis of variance table for
Analgesic activity after treatment.
|
Source of
variation |
df |
Sum of squares |
Mean sum of squares |
F-ratio |
F-table value |
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Treatment
Error
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4-1=3
23- 3=20 |
104.46
35.5 |
34.82
1.77 |
19.67*** |
4.94 |
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Total
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24- 1=23 |
139.96 |
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***P < 0.01, df 3, 20.
From the table 3, calculated F- value (19.67) is compared
with table F- value (4.94) with 3, 20 df at 1% level of
significance. Therefore the calculated F value is greater
than table F value. So the null hypothesis is rejected and
there is significant difference in the Analgesic activity
among the groups after treatment.
Dunnet’s t test table against control
for Analgesic activity
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Statistic
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Pentazocine |
Arnica 3X
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Morphinum 3X
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t |
10.45****
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3.28**** |
8.18**** |
****P < 0.001, df 20.
Discussion and Conclusion
In homoeopathy, Potentized Morphinum and Arnica are used for
unbearable pain. Morphinum is indicated in neuralgia where
the pains are so violent as to threaten convulsions, pain
causing twitching for jerking of limbs. Arnica is indicated
when there is sore, lame bruised feeling and neuralgias
originating in disturbances of pneumo-gastric. The result of
the present study verifies that dynamised Morphinum and
Arnica are potent analgesics.
In conclusion, research in homoeopathy will never end up
with a final explanation, because homoeopathy is such a
large field that there is not an experiment nor an
experimental line which can clarify every thing and convince
everybody. It is only through accumulation of knowledge and
elimination of error that we are getting nearer to the
truth. The homoeopathic drug, characterized by infinitesimal
doses and by dynamization according to Hahnemann’s
preparation technique has a marked informational character.
The possibility of storing information from molecules can be
used for therapeutical as well as experimental purpose.
The result of the study justify the opportunity of future
researches concerning the intimate mechanism of action of
homoeopathic potencies in accordance with principle of
similia. |
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