Introduction:-
The author has been successful in developing a novel technique of synthesizing an entirely new class of target-specific, selective molecular binding agents that could be piloted to the desired molecular target sites in the living system. This innovative technique is expected to have profound implications in the whole fields of Medicine, Pharmacy, Molecular Biology, Biotechnology, and other Life sciences. By utilizing this technique, a complete range of very effective, safe and surprisingly low cost remedies and preventive vaccines could be synthesized against almost any kind of disease, including the most dreaded ones like AIDS, Cancers etc. If proved successful, and incorporated into our therapeutic arsenal, this new technique may revolutionize the whole medical practice of the coming days.

Targeted drug piloting- a long cherished dream of modern medical science: -
With the emergence of modern medical science, which may be considered as the natural culmination of the historic evolutionary process of human healing arts through centuries, the never-ending search for ever-new therapeutic techniques and remedial agents has reached a new elevated phase. Designing and synthesizing of target-specific artificial drug molecules, and developing of new drug delivery systems have become a much promising branch of present day pharmaceutical research. The incorporation of sophisticated methods of combinatorial chemistry into the realm of pharmaceutical science, coupled with advanced computer aided designing and screening techniques has resulted in a reorientation of modern medical science as a whole. Tailor-made designer drug molecules, capable of binding selectively and specifically to desired target sites are emerging out of the research laboratories.

 These designer drugs are gradually and systematically displacing the existing natural therapeutic agents, owing to the former’s accurate specificity, reliable effectiveness and relatively higher safety standards. Thousands of research workers all over the world are engaged in the concerted efforts of developing ever-new drug molecules to counter the threat posed by various diseases. Billions of dollars are annually pumped into this field by multinational pharmaceutical giants and various government organizations. At present, our hopes of developing effective remedies for the prevention and cure of diseases like AIDS and Cancers are mainly pinned to the possible achievements in this field of research. Ever-new techniques are evolved and experimented the world over, in order to simplify and precisionize the process of designing and synthesizing of artificial drug molecules, so that more and more effective and safe medicinal agents could be developed, and the cost of such remedies be kept within the reach of common man.

[Refer to the article, a brief outline of relevant features of molecular fundamentals of vital activity and pathology, for a preliminary understanding of the theoretical basis of modern biology and molecular medicine.]

Hydrosomes- a new class of designer drugs: -
The humble and painstaking research works undertaken by the author on these lines, conducted admittedly within the gravest of infrastructural and material limitations, have led to the final stage of developing a new technique of non-invasive molecular manipulation of biochemical interactions in the living organisms. This new technique, called “ Hydrosome Therapy”, involves the introduction of a new class of fabricated selective molecular binding agents, tentatively named “Hydrosome”. Hydrosome are three-dimensional poly-molecular formations of water (H2O) molecules that can be synthesized in any desired configurational pattern by a special process of molecular imprinting developed by the author. Hydrosomes can be tailor-made to suit any molecular target site in the living organism. Hydrosomes thus processed can be used as very potent molecular tools for intervening in the biochemical processes by selective binding of desired target molecules.

After identifying the exact molecular interactions to be intervened in the living organism, and determining the specific characteristics of the molecular target-sites to be inhibited, appropriate print molecules are identified and procured in sufficient quantities. Hydrosomes of desired configuration could be processed by using these print molecules as the starting material. By a special process of molecular imprinting developed for this purpose, (details of which are dealt with in the later parts of this article), H2O molecules are induced to combine together in such away that spatial cavities mimicking the exact negative configurational contours of the ‘print molecules are engraved into the polymolecular structures formed by the hydrogen bonding of H2O molecules.

By this process, the memory of these spatial cavities is implanted into the water matrix, which can later spontaneously revert to the memorized configurational pattern, when exposed to an appropriate stimulus. This molecularly imprinted water is called ‘Hydrosomes’. [Details of this technique are discussed later.] . Hydrosomes exhibit a particular kind of selective affinity towards the target molecules, [by virtue of the exact configurational appropriateness of the selected print molecules], the molecular memory of which lies imprinted inside the ‘Hydrosomes’. This selective affinity can be effectively utilized for the non-invasive manipulation of desired molecular interactions, thereby enabling to interfere in the bio -chemic processes in the living organisms.

Mode of action of hydrosomes inside the body:
Hydrosomes, or molecularly imprinted water, processed according to the above principle, can be introduced in to the body through appropriate routes. Hydrosomes thus entering the body are conveyed by the blood circulation, diffuse into the body fluids and enter in to the cell interiors. Hydrosomes, being formations of water molecules, can penetrate any biological membrane easily, without undergoing any remarkable degradation. When coming in the vicinity of specified molecular target sites, these hydrosomes, by virtue of their specific configurational affinity, selectively bind to the target molecules, enveloping their active groups like a molecular pocket. This enveloping will prevent the target molecules from entering in to any further bio-molecular interactions, there by achieving the desired molecular inhibition. This in brief, is the presumed mechanism of action of “Hydrosome Therapy”.

Hydrosomes, the versatile tools for selective manipulation of biochemical interactions in the living organism, are synthesized from simple water molecules through a special process of molecular imprinting developed for this purpose. A thorough knowledge of the physical, chemical and biological properties of water is essential to understand the rationale behind the basic principles underlying this innovative technique.

Water- a miracle of nature: -
Even though water is the most abundant and widely distributed form of matter around us, most of its wonderful properties go unnoticed. Water is the only substance that freely exists in all three physical states (solid, liquid and gaseous) over earth’s surface; it comprises about 71% of earth’s surface. In spite of the tremendous amount of research works going on all over the world in order to study the unique properties of water, there is a lot to be known yet.

Water is indispensable for maintaining life. The phenomenon of life, as it is known today, owes its origin and existence on this planet to the unique physical and chemical properties of water. It would appear as if nature has designed the properties of water to exactly suit the need of the living. None of the organism known can exist without water. Water is ranked among the most remarkable compounds owing to its extraordinary physical and chemical properties and importance for biological activity of living organism.

Biological role of water: -
Water content of human body, depending on the age, is subject to variations within the range of 45 to 75 percent of total body mass. Total water contained in the organism is distributed over three spaces-intracellular, extra cellular and intra-cavitary. Major part is contained in the cell interiors (30-45%). Outside cells, water is distributed among extra cellular fluids (12-16%), blood plasma (5%), and lymph (2%). The intra-cavitary water content is rather small (1-3%). This part comprises cerebrospinal, intra-ocular, pericardial, and peritoneal and synovial fluids. The ratio of intra-extra cellular distribution of water changes with age. In newborn, extra cellular water content is higher than in adults. The total water content of body decreases with age. This water loss with aging is effected at the expense of extra cellular water.

The importance of water for the normal functioning of the organism is indicated by the large amount of water inside and outside cells. The prominent role played by water in the emergence and existence of life can be gauged from the fact that cellular life evolved in water billions of years ago. The cells are filled with water and are bathed in watery tissue fluids. Water is the medium in which the cell’s biochemical reactions take place. The cell surface, a lipid-protein-lipid formation, is stabilized by hydrophobic interactions. Moreover, the proteins and membranes are hydrogen-bonded through water, which protects them from denaturation and conformational transitions when there are thermal fluctuations. Transportation of ions from cell to cell is possible only because of presence of water. Water is extremely important for structural stabilization of proteins, lipids, membranes and cells.

Any attempt to remove water from these structures will lead to many changes in their physical properties and structural stability. Break down of water balance in the cells of organisms leads to grave complications and may ultimately result in death of the cells. The cell functions are dependant on the total amount of intra cellular and extra cellular water, on hydration layers of sub cellular structures, and on the aqueous microenvironment of macro biomolecules. All the bio-molecular interactions undergoing inside and outside the cells take place only in an aqueous environment. In the absence of water the biological molecules get destabilized, and become incapable of performing their specific functions. A drastic change in the water balance of the organism is conducive to pathology. The water content of the organism is maintained at the optimum level through external supply with food (daily intake about 2 liters); a little water (0.3 liters) is produced by metabolic processes in the organism.

Biological functions of water can be briefly summarized as follows: -
Dissolution and stabilization of biological molecules and ions in the fluids of organism.
Heat balance control in the organism.
Transport function in the supply of nutrients and metabolites.
Mechanical function (Hydration): i.e.: assistance in maintaining the intra cellular pressure and shape of cells (turgor)
Structural function, in forming a structural interlayer between the polar ends of proteins and lipids in the biological membranes.
Synthetic or anabolic (as a substrate in the synthesis of biological compounds).
Hydrolytic or catabolic (as a substrate in bond breaking processes in biological materials).
Electron donating or energetic function (as a source of electrons in the energy conversion processes in plant chloroplast).
Now, an important question arises. Why does water, a simple hydrogen oxide (H2O) play such a decisive role in the vital activity of living organism? The answer to this very important question should be sought in the specific physical and chemical properties of water, which are in the most perfect manner adapted to its biological functions.

Unique physical and chemical properties of water, and their biological and ecological implications: -
The uniqueness of water is reflected in every aspect. For instance, water behaves in a very extra ordinary manner on freezing. Whereas the general tendency of matter is to contract on freezing, water anomalously expands below 4degree C, and the ice formed floats in the water-i.e. the density of ice is lesser than liquid water. This extra ordinary behavior has very important ecological implications. If ice were to be denser than water, then the water reservoirs exposed to low temperatures would start freezing from bottom up. Such type of ice formation would then have prevented ice water fishes and other aquatic organisms including vegetations from surviving in cold climates. Further, the floating ice layers also have very good insulating properties, and prevent the lake waters from getting colder beyond certain limit, there by supporting life in reservoirs.

Another extraordinary property of water having many ecological and biological implications is its high heat capacity. Large amount of heat is needed to raise the temperature of water by one degree. This is in contrast to the heat capacity of other comparable substances. This property of water gives a tremendous advantage to biological systems wherein the cells undergo moderate biological activity. Despite the fact that large amount of heat is generated by these metabolic activities, the temperature of the cell water system does not rise beyond a certain limit. This property is very important for the existence of living organisms. From the ecological standpoint also, the high heat capacity of water has profound implications. This property makes it possible for ocean currents to carry heat in a very efficient manner, there-by playing a decisive role in global climatic distributions.

 Further, the heat carried by ocean currents prevents loss of aquatic life due to unfavorable temperature fluctuations. Be the heat capacity of water not so high, the water reservoirs would have evaporated easily due to the heat of sun. Moreover, the water reservoirs collect high amount of heat during daytime, which is released during night, thereby maintaining atmospheric temperature within reasonable limit. If the water was devoid of this kind of high heat capacity, the atmospheric temperature would have risen too much during day time and reached very low during night, thereby making the survival of life on earth impossible.

Heat of fusion and heat of vaporization of water are also very high when compared to similar substances. Maintaining of body temperature of higher organisms through the mechanism of perspiration is possible owing to the high heat of vaporization of water. The high heat of vaporization of water prevents water reservoirs in tropics from getting evaporated quickly. If the heat of fusion of water were not so high, the whole ice mountains on earth would have melted and flooded the plains during hot climates.

Another extraordinary property of water is its high surface tension. This property also has profound biological and ecological implications. The clotting mechanism of blood is governed by this property. The transporting mechanism operating in plants for distribution of water and nutrients is also based on this property (capillary mechanism). High conductivity of water makes nerve conduction an effective and sensitive mechanism of body. As a whole, the unique physical and chemical properties of water play a decisive role in the origin, evolution, and existence of the phenomenon life on this planet.

Unique molecular properties of water: -
Its inherent molecular structure and interactive forces can explain all the above-discussed extraordinary physical, chemical and biological properties of water. The uniqueness of water is present in the molecular level also. The anomalous behavior of water described earlier indicates that the internal cohesion between water molecules is relatively higher than other comparable substances, such as Hydrogen Sulphide or Ammonia. Water molecule (H2O) is a highly polar molecule. The bond angle of H-O-H is equal to about 105 degree C; therefore water has a very high dielectric constant, as compared with other liquids. The dielectric constant of water is 80, which is significantly superior to that of ethanol (24), which is a good solvent. This high polarity of water molecules is a major factor contributing to its property as a very effective solvent.

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