Homoeopathic Medical Panorama is a trimonthly journal published by Indian Homoeopathic Medical Association October-December 2005, Vol-13 No.3. Editor in Chief is Dr. M.E.Prasanth Kumar. For subscription it is free for the members of IHMA. For non-members and students, prescribed subscription form given in this journal or contact Editor in Chief, Homoeopathic Medical Panorama, Vattakandy, Chombala, Vadakara.

E.mail Id of  Editor in Chief : chief@homedopa.com.

Articles in this book of Homoeopathic interest include
1. Male Infertility and Oligospermia – Dr K.Saji BHMS MD(HOM)
2. Miasmatic Study of Nasal Polyp – Mathew Sebastain and Tency Jose.
3. Clinical Study- Diabetes- Homoeopathy—Dr.Ch.Prabhavathi DHMS MBS (Hom).
4.Identification of Homoeopathic Medicines- A New Approach Dr. M.Devandra Kumar.
5. Brain Festival at Mahabhaleshwar.
6. Homoeo World.
7. General World.
8. Normal and Abnormal Vital Sensations – Dr. Raman Lal P. Patel.

Other articles which appear in every issue include
a. Awake 06 Report – Dr Sanjeev. M. Lazar.
b. From the Sec. General’s Desk – Dr. S. Sreejeev.
c. State President’s Desk – Dr. T. K. Harindranath.
d. Working Report – Kerala State Dr. V. R. Girish Kumar.
e. Chapter Reports.
f. New Chapter Reports.
g. KGHMOA Page -- Dr. G. Sivaramakrishnan
h. Guest Column – Dr. Thomas A. Kuruvilla.

Male Infertility and Oligospermia by Dr. Saji. K. BHMS MD(HOM).

          Cases of male infertility are at increase in the world. Quality of semen is declining over the years. In about 1% of cases significant medical pathology which needs early intervention is found. Early evaluation of the male includes semen analysis and this should be done before a treatment plan is to be instituted. Semen quality is found to decrease due to increasing amounts of environmental toxins; often oestrogenic in effect. Management starts with avoidance of life style issues that may be detrimental to sperm quality. Infertility causes mental stress as well as financial stresses when he adopts treatment plans like Intrauterine insemination (IUI), In vitrofertilization, Intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), Percutaneous Epididymal Sperm Aspiration (PESA), testicular Sperm Aspiration (TESA) or other assisted reproductive technologies. Many modern medicine medications used for unrelated conditions have negative effects on sperm quality. Surgical procedures on the aetiological factors of defective spermatogenesis like varicocoele itself are a factor may lead to oligospermia or azoospermia.

In Homoeopathy it is not discussed with enough importance by any of the authors. Rubric male infertility in most of the repertories contains only a few medicines. Defective sperm is the most common reason of male infertility and main spermal anomalies are
a. Aspermia – Failure of formation or emission of semen.
b. Azoospermia – Absence of sperms in the ejaculate.
c. Oligospermia – Reduced sperm count (< 20 million/ml).
d. Asthenospermia – Motility deficiency.
e. Teratospermia – More malformed sperm cells.
f. Necrospermia – Dead or motionless sperm cells.
g. Polyspermia – Sperm count more than normal.
h. Globozoospermia – Round headed sperms.
i. Haematospermia – Blood cells in semen.

Oligospermia : Definition : Refers to sperm densities of less than 20 million sperm per ml of semen or a total count of less than 50million sperm.
Classification : Depending on the count, oligospermia is divided into mild,moderate and severe.
Mild : 10-20 million sperm cells /ml.
Moderate 5-10 million sperm cells/ml.
Severe below 5 million sperm cells/ml.

Dilution oligospermia : In conditions where the semen volume is 5 ml or more, count/ml may fall below normal. This is called dilution oligospermia.

Prevalence of the condition : About 10% of the couples suffer from the trouble of infertility. Among them 40 % are caused by male factors, 30% by female factors and the rest 30% by combined factors both male and female.

Azoospermia forms 10% of male infertility in long standing cases. Disorders of sperm transport cause infertility in 6% infertile men. In 5% of cases the cause is found to be the autoimmunity. Congenital bilateral absence of vas deferens is found in 1% of patients attending male infertility clinic.

Aetiology:
May be broadly divided into Physiological and Pathological.

A. Physiological
1. Frequent intercourse
2. Old age.

B. Pathological : Reduction in sperm density may be due to
1. Defective spermatogenesis.
2. Partial obstruction of the efferent ducts.
    A. Defective spermatogenesis are
1. Congenital
  a. Undescended testes or maldescended testes.
  b. Cystic fibrosis.
2. Primary testicular diseases.
3. Thermal factor
  a. Varicocoele, big hydrocoele or filariasis.
  b. Using tight garments; working in hot atmosphere.
  c. High fevers.
4. Infections
  a. Mumps, orchitis after puberty.
  b. Systemic illness, bacterial or viral
  c. Infections of the seminal vesicle or prostate.
  d. T.mycoplasma or Chlamydia trachomatis infection.
  e. Orchitis occurring in lepromatous leprosy.
5. General factors.
  a. Chronic debilitating diseases.
  b. Malnutrition.
  c. Heavy smoking.
  d. Alcoholism.
  e. Narcotics.
  f. Granulomatous diseases especially lewprosy.
6. Endocrine factors
  a. Diabetes.
  b. Pituatory adenoma, hypopituitarism
  c. Thyroid dysfunction.
  d. Adrenal tumors, adrenal hyperplasia.
  e. Hyperprolactinoma.
7. Genetic
  a. Klinefetler’s syndrome.
  b. Reinfelter’s syndrome.
8. Iatrogenic
  a. Radiation
  b. Drugs.
9. Mechanical
  a. Trauma to testes, accidental or surgical.
10. Occupational
  a. Exposure to toxic substances or hazards on the job such as lead, cadmium, manganese, mercury; ethylene oxide; vinyl chloride, radioactivity and x-rays.
11. Nutritional supplements
  a. Saw palmetto.
12. Neurological diseases
  a. Paraplegia.
  b. Dystrophica myotonica.
13. Hepatic failure.
14. Renal failure.
15. Auto immune disorders.
  a. Polyglandular autoimmune failure.
16. Systemic diseases
  a. Sickle cell disease.
  b. Amyloidosis.
  c. Hodgkin’s Disease
17. Immotile cilia syndrome.
18. Androgen resistance.
19. Retrograde ejaculation.
20. Idiopathic.

B. Obstruction of the efferent ducts :
Obstruction may be at any level starting from rete testes, epididymis, in the vas deferens or in the ejaculatory duct.
1. Congenital
 a. Unilateral absence of vas deferens (C.AV.D).
 b. Unilateral absence of corpus or cauda epididymis.
2. Infection
 a. Tubercular.
 b. Gonococcal.
 c. Chlymydia.
 d. Leprosy.
3. Surgical trauma
 a. Herniorrhaphy.
 b. Hydrocoele operation.
 c. Varicocoele operation.
4. In utero Diethylstilbesterol exposure.
5. Young’s syndrome.
6. Torsion of the testis.
7. Idiopathic.

    Among these varicoele, because of its prevalence, worth a special mention.
Varicocoele are an enlargement of the veins that run along the spermatic cord in the scrotum, ie the pampiniform or cremasteric plexi. It may be present in 15% of males but all may not necessarily suffer from infertility or oligospermia. But it may be the cause in 30-40% of males. This develop when when defective valves in the veins allow the normally one-way flow of blood to back up in the abdomen. Blood then flows from abdomen to scrotum where a hostile environment for sperm development is created. Prolonged elevated temperature has a detrimental effect on sperm production. Due to raised temperature of scrotum; it is also referred to as “ hot testicles”.

Abnormal concentration of adrenal and renal substances impede development of normal sperm.
Abnormal venous blood flow increases metabolic waste products and decreases availability of oxygen and nutrients required for sperm development.
Long term effects of compromised circulation interfere with androgen (hormone) production.
They may be small, develop slowly with no symptoms. Some are large and are visible in scrotum. Other symptoms
Include painless testicular lump, scrotal swelling or bulge
Within scrotum. Although they can develop on either side
On either side of testicle; 85% develop on similar side. They
Are non-tender twisted mass that feel similar to a bag of worms. It disappears on lying down. To be properly identified during physical examination the patient must stand and must be asked to bear down (or cough). It develops between ages 15-25 years old. More than 80% of men with secondary infertility have varicocoele. It progressively declines fertility.
As days of sexual abstinence increases mean spermatozoal concentration x 1000000/ml also increases.

Semen analysis :
Recommendation for standards in semen analysis :
PARAMETER RECOMMENDATION/NORMAL VALUE
Abstinence 5 (3-7 days).
Collection Masturbation(coitus interruptus).
Volume 2-6 ml.
Viscosity Full liquefaction within 60 mts.
Sperm density 40- 250 million/ml.
Sperm motility
Progressive
Quantitative
Good- Very good.
First hour – greater than or equal to 60%. 2-3 hour- greater than or equal to 50%.
Vitality Less than or equal to 35% of dead cells.
Sperm morphology Greater than or equal to 60% normal.
Acid phosphatase 25,000 -60,000 IU/ml.
Zinc 90- 250 microgram /ml.
Fructose 150- 600 mg/ml.
Medicines for male infertility and oligospermia (on the basis of Homoeopathic literature).
Infertility

Ist grade (Underlined uppercase) : Ferr.
2nd grade (Upper case) : Arg-m.,Cobalt-nitr.,Rauw-serp.,Sulfa.,X-ray.
3rd grade (Bold lower case) : Lepr.
4th grade (Italics) :
5th grade (Lower case) : Bac 7.,Bufo.,Chin-s.,Con.,Dam.,Iod.,Phos.,Sel.,Strych.,Agar.,Aur.,Aur-m.,Ham.,Lapp.,Mill.,Nat-p.,Sabal.,Still.,Thyr.
6th grade (Lower case in parenthesis) : Bers-i.,Cissu.c.,Cortico.,Erios-co.,Grew.oc.,Gunn.p.,Lac.d.,Pyren,.sc.,Rub.c.,Sol.so.,Trium.r.,Vern.co.

Azoospermia :
2nd grade : Cobalt nitr.
5th grade : Chin-s.,Con.,Dam.,Iod.,Strych.
Oligospermia
3rd grade : Lepr.
5th grade : Sulfa.

MIASMATIC STUDY OF NASAL POLYP
 by Dr.Mathew Sebastian and Dr.Tency Jose

Abstract :
A study was undertaken to evaluate the efficacy of homoeopathic medicine in the treatment of nasal polyp. Miasmatic analysis revealed that people with psoric and sycotic manifestations are prone to develop nasal polyp. Homoeopathic treatment was found to be much effective in controlling the disease.

Introduction :
Nasal polyps are one of the mass lesions of nasal cavity. Approximately 2% of the population have tissue swellings inside the nose and sinuses can cause many of the symptoms associated with rhinosinusitis. They block nasal airways and create breathing difficulties. They inhibit proper drainage of sinus cavities creating stagnant secretions that stay in sinuses, become infected and leads to sinusitis. They present with nasal obstruction, decreased sense of smell,recurrent sinus infections and profuse nasal discharge.

Respiratory allergies are thought to be the cause of nasal polyps. These with allergy were 6 times more likely to suffer from nasal polyps. 57% of allergic children suffer from nasal polyps. Another study reported a connection with house dust mite and house dust allergies particularly in patients under 40. Other possible causes are chronic viral or bacterial infection such as staphylococcus of the sinuses,aspirin etc.

According to allopathic mode of treatment; long term treatment is required to reduce polyp size and prevent their regrowth. They have to be surgically removed. It cause complications such as anosmia, damage to orbital contents, meningitis etc.
Modern school treats the disease but Homoeopathy treats the patient. Diagnosis of the disease is the aim of the modern school but disease individualization and diagnosis of person is aim of the Homoeopaths. We study by knowing the totality of symptoms and individualization. Miasmatic analysis is integral part of Homoeopathic evaluation of every individual case of chronic disease. Its synthesis provides insight into the pace and prognosis for the individual under consideration. Early identification of latent miasmatic traits and evaluation of predominant miasm in individual enables us to initiate suitable preventive and curative measures.

Materials and Methods :
Study on a sample of 30 patients suffering from polyps during the period during the period 1-1-04 to 15-1-05. Patients selected irrespective of age, sex, occupation and socioeconomic status. Patients with neoplastic polyp and rhinosporidiosis are excluded from the study.

Complete history of illness taken from patients according to guidelines given in Organon of Medicine. Subjective as well as objective symptoms are considered. Totality is taken and patients are individualized. Miasmatic diagnosis is done by analysis and evaluation of symptoms.
Treatment :
Radar Computerised Repertory is used for repertorisation. Medicines are given on the basis of totality of symptoms and individualization. 200,1M and 10M used depending on susceptibility and age of the patient. Repetition and change of potency are done according to presenting picture of the patient. Treatment is continued for 1 year with periodic assessment and evaluation after every month.
Patients are restrained from too much coffee, tea and spicy food.

That interferes with action of remedy. Alcohol, smoking and chewing tobacco avoided. Patients with allergic rhinitis advised to stay from excessive cold and dust conditions.

Progress of treatment is assessed by observing changes in size of polyp and also in associated symptoms. Symptoms used for purpose of analysis are nasal obstruction, sneezing, nasal discharge and headache. Depending on intensity of symptoms graded as absent, mild, moderate and severe.

Statistical analysis :
Patients classified on the basis of age, sex and underlying miasm. This is examined using chi-square test.

Results and Discussion :
Analysis of symptoms showed that most of the patients had history of allergic rhinitis and sinusitis. Major symptoms associated with nasal obstruction, sneezing, nasal discharge and headache. Effectiveness assessed by observing change in size and associated symptoms. Most of patients reported signs of relief from symptoms in second month of treatment. CT Scan analysis showed gradual reduction in polyp size from 6th month onwards.

Results classified into absent, mild, moderate and severe to quantify extent of change.

In the case of nasal obstruction 56.66% could completely recover as a result of treatment. The percentage of mild, moderate and severe categories showed a corresponding decline. 13.33% of the patients with no sneezing was increased to 76.66% at the end of the treatment.

More or less similar trend was observed in the case of nasal discharge.
Headache also showed marked improvement with the percentage in the absent category increased from 33.33% to 73.33%. It is evident from the facts that there was considerable relief of symptoms due to treatment and intensity could be reduced to a greater extent as a result of treatment.

Miasmatic analysis : by evaluating the totality and individualization.
Classified according to miasmatic expression and treatment. 53.33% of psora, 23.33% of sycosis.
4 cases of psora and sycosis , 2 psora and syphilis; 1 case of trimiasm
No cases of syphilis.
Medicines were Ars alb, Calc, Lyco, Phos, Puls, Sepia, Silicea, Sulph and Thuja.
50% of psoric patients were treated with Sulphur and the rest with Phos, Calc carb or Ars alb. In sycotic patients Thuja,Sepia or Puls were used.
Out of 3 Patients with psora and sycosis Calc carb and the remaining with Puls. In the case of Psora and syphilis either Phos or Silicea was used. In trimaiasmatic case Lycopodium was the choice. Sulphur in psoric patients and Thuja in sycotic patients.
The above findings showed that nasal polyp is more common in psoric and sycotic patients and Sulphur in psoric and Thuja in sycotic patients.
Age and Sex : To examine the relationship between age and maiasmatic expression the patients were classified in a 3x 5 contigency table and analysis using Chi square test. Similarly relationship between sex andf miasm are analysed. The statistical analysis did not reveal any significant (P>0.05) relationship in both cases.

Results reveal
1. Homoeopathic treatment is recommended for the management of nasal polyps especially when they are small in size.
2. Homoeopathy has a preventive role by which the chance of recurrence of nasal polyp is minimized.
3. Timely administered medicines help to avoid surgery and its further complications.
4. The study reveals that polyps are seen with asthma, allergic sinusitis (hay fever), chronic sinus infection and cystic fibrosis.
5. 1 in 4 people with cystic fibrosis have nasal polyps.
6. The effectiveness of homoeopathic medicines for4 the treatment of nasal polyp was also studied.
7. The study revealed that nasal polyp is more prevalent in people with psoric and sycotic manifestations and it can be effectively controlled by Homoeopathic treatment.

CLINICAL STUDY- DIABETES - HOMOEOPATHY by Dr. Ch.Prabhavathi D.H.M.S, M.B.S(H).

The author is a research officer in Govt.Research Dept(Homoeo),Dept of AYUSH, Govt of AP, Hyderabad.

Definition :
Diabetes Mellitus is a clinical syndrome characterized by hyperglycemia with or without glycosuria characterized by absolute or relative deficiency of insulin. Insulin allows glucose to enter body cells to convert it into energy. Insulin is also needed to synthesize protein and store fats. In uncontrolled diabetes, glucose and lipids remain in the bloodstream and damage the body’s vital organs and contribute to heart disease.

CLASSIFICATION :
Diabetes is classified into 3 main types.
 Type I Diabetes Mellitus or Insulin dependant Diabetes Mellitus (IDDM).
 Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus or Non-Insulin dependant Diabetes Mellitus (NIDDM)
 Gestational Diabetes Mellitus.
Type I Diabetes :
Occurrence and Characteristics.
 Autoimmune system wherein the immune system attacks B cells of pancreas and destroys them. The pancreas then produces little or no insulin.
 Genetic and environmental factors possibly viruses are involved.
 Often develops in children and young adults but the disorder can appear at any age.
 Symptoms usually develop over a short period, although B cells lapse into a life threatening diabetic coma also known as diabetic ketoacidosis.
Type II Diabetes :
Occurrence and Characteristics.
 The most common form of Diabetes.
 Due to reduced insulin secretion or peripheral resistance to action of insulin.
 The result is same as for Type I diabetes. Glucose builds up in the blood and the body cannot make efficient source of its main source of fuel.
 Often part of a metabolic syndrome that includes obesity, elevated blood pressure and high levels of blood lipids.
 Contributes to 90-95% of total Diabetes and one third not been diagnosed.
 The form of Diabetes usually develops in adults.
 About 80% of people with Type II Diabetes are overweight.
 Increase in incidence of childhood obesity leads to Type II Diabetes becoming more common in young people.

Symptoms of Type I and Type 2 Diabetes.
o Increased thirst and urination.
o Constant hunger.
o Weight loss.
o Blurred vision.
o Extreme fatigue.
o Slow healing of wounds or sores.

Management
 Diet
 Exercise
 Medication
 Education
 Monitoring blood glucose therapy.

Gestational Diabetes :
Occurrence and Management :
 Develops in pregnancy and disappears after delievery, however with increased risk in getting later in life.
 Insulin resistance due to pregnancy.
 Genetic predisposition.
 Diet : Provide adequate calories which will not lead to hyperglycemia or ketonemia.
 Exercise : That does not create fetal distress contractions or hypertension.
 Insulin : To maintain blood glucose.

Non-Communicable Diseases :
Overview : Cardiovascular diseases, cancer and diabetes accounts for the large number of chronic cases and they are increasing in proportion in developing countries. Frequent complications include heart failure, kidney failure; stroke, blindness etc. They share common risk factors and are life style related and are amenable to prevention. They include tobacco; obesity; unhealthy diet, physical inactivity and excessive alcoholism.

Who gets Diabetes ?
Increase in Diabetes in developing countries may be due to population growth, obesity, ageing, unhealthy dietary habits and sedentary life style. Statistics shows that 3.5 crore diabetics in India; 5.7 crore by 2025 and is anon-contagious disease.

Myths and Facts
Eating sugar never cause Diabetes.
Diabetics are advised to avoid sweets, even in small quantities.
Even though this is a heritable disease, it is not a must that everyone whose parent is a diabetic; must be a diabetic themselves. They have a higher risk of being a diabetic than others who do not have a family history of diabetes.
Impotence due to erectile dysfunction is an established complication of males but is not a definite companion of Diabetes.
Obesity is rather a risk factor for the onset of Type 2 Diabetes.
Complications associated with Diabetes Mellitus.
Diabetic retinopathy is a leading cause of blindness and visual disability
Diabetes is among the leading cause of kidney failure.
Heart disease : risk factors for heart disease in people with Diabetes include smoking, high blood pressure; high serum cholesterol and obesity.
Diabetic neuropathy is the most common complication of Diabetes. Neuropathy can lead to sensory loss and damage to the limbs. It is also a major cause of impotence in diabetic men.
Diabetic foot disease, due to changes in blood vessels and nerves, often leads to ulceration and subsequent limb amputation.

What you need
Kilo calories/ day based on activity
Sedentary individual 30 kcal/kg/day.
Moderately active individuals 35 kcal /kg/day.
Heavily active individuals 40 kcal/kg/day.
Calories/ day based on proportion of
Carbohydrates 50-60%.
Proteins 10-15%
Fats 30-35%.
Calories per day based on /calorie distribution in every meal
For breakfast 20% of the total calories.
For lunch 35% of the total calories.
For dinner 30% of the total calories.
For late evening feed 15% of total calories.

What to eat, what to avoid :
Foods you can eat :
Vegetables / green leafy vegetables /spices /food high in fiber content.
Foods you can eat in moderate quantities :
Fats / nuts/ cereals/ roots/ tubers/ pulses/ fruits/ milk products/ meat products/ eggs/ artificial sweeteners.
Food to avoid :
Sugar/ sweets/ sweetened juices /soft drinks /honey /jam and jellies/
cakes and pastries/ fried food / fermented foods.

Medicines given :
Arsenicum album., Argentum nitricum., Lycopodium., Natrum muriaticum., Calcarea carbonicum., Thuja., Pulsatilla., Phosphorus., Sulphur., Nuxvomica., Rhustox., Sepia., Medorrhinum., Tuberculinum., Ignatia., Insulin., Causticum., Lachesis., Bryonia.,Carbo veg., Tarantula., Kali carb., Staphysagria., Silicea., Merc sol.
Minerals : 67.5%. Animals : 3.21%
Plants : 52.1% Nosodes : 28.2%

Homoeopathic Approach.
Homoeopathy is a system of therapeutics based upon Law of Similars as expressed by the maxim  “ Similia similibus curentur” – let likes be cured by likes.

The Hidden Philosophy – How Homoeopathy works :
Different view of health and disease – Homoeopathy view the disease as an entity that is not a separate thing from the living whole and represents the reaction of the individual as a whole, manifested in the form of signs and symptoms. Hahnemann considers health as a state indicating harmonious functioning of the life force leading to a particular sense of well-being.

Disease is known as a sense of discomfort, expressed in different planes, mental expressions, physical signs and symptoms appear and all because the ital functions are disturbed either from external impressions having a depressing effect, and the consequent reaction of the vital force or from some hidden miasm coming into its full expression in its impress on the vital force.

Concept of Susceptibility – The tendency of the Life to be affected with sickness.
Susceptibility is the general quality or capability of living organism of receiving impressions, the power to react to stimuli. It plays an important role in health, disease, constitution and diathesis. An organism in perfect balance represents health. Normal susceptibility is characterized by good nutrition and a healthy out look on life. Abnormal susceptibility on the other hand affect them in the first instances and interferes with the processes of adaptation and so development of disease.

Holistic Concept and concept of Individualization :
In Homoeopathic medicine we have to deal with “individuals” who are unique by virtue of their individuality in health as well as in disease. Individuals are the units of nature. We treat the particular human being and not an abstract of the human being which is labeled as disease.

Homoeopathic concept of Aetiology of Diabetes Mellitus and construction of the patient disease picture.
1. Heredity- tendency to run in families, in most cases reveal sycotic stigma.
2. Occupation – Housewives have more preponderance to diabetes and then business people, employees and retd. Employees.
3. Psychological factors – In many cases act as the exciting and or even maintaining cause.
4. Miasmatic factors – Psora is almost always the fundamental cause of these various conditions.

Miasmatic Analysis of Diabetes Mellitus.
Psora- functional disorders only. No structural damage with uncomplicated psora. “Sensation as if” and valuable characteristic concomitants. Psora corresponds to deficiency, sycosis to excess and syphilis to perversion.
Psora is a state of deficiency or lack, inhibition and with consequences as deducted by Roberts and confirmed by physio-pathology. When the individual human like the individual cell is inhibited, its mode of expression are reduced, it is poorly nourished and becomes debilitated and inhibited and is poorly nourished.
Sycosis is the state of excess, of exuberance, of ostentation. It is characterized by state of overgrowth of tissues, fibromuscular affections, warts, tumors and gouty diathesis.
Syphilis is state of destruction, degeneration and aggressiveness. It is characterized by destruction, deformation, contractures, suppuration and ulceration.

Different methods of remedy selection in Diabetes Mellitus.
Constitutional approach- On the basis of totality corresponds to patient’s symptoms; signs, physical constitution, mental attitudes, temperaments, genetic and environmental contribution who responds to exogenous as well as endogenous stimuli in a peculiar way to develop a disorder in health.
Aim of such drug is to give strength to the system so that it can react efficiently to restore the deviation in health which occurs in the form of disease.

Intercurrent and Miasmatic remedies
The role of intercurrent drug is to bring about the reaction in system to complete cure. To achieve this, constitutional as well as antimiasmatic drugs are commonly used.
In this study every effort was put forth to evaluate the miasmatic status of the individual, either inherited or acquired and is used in the treatment. The clinical picture and symptomatology revealed the involvement of three miasms and mixed miasm especially tubercular miasm.

Utility of Nosodes :
Dr. Herring introduced the concept of nosodes into Homoeopathy. It is used as first prescription when no clear picture emerges in the case of single remedy or when two or more remedies come up for consideration. The existing block is usually miasmatic and requires to be removed by such nosodes. In this study Tuberculinum is frequently used as nosode.

Aims and objectives of the present study :
1. To develop evidence used support on the efficacy of homoeopathic medicines in the treatment of Diabetes Mellitus.
2. To finds out a group of drugs that can be more effective in the treatment and control of Diabetes Mellitus.

Materials and Methods :
The materials used for this study consists of 175 cases of D.M of varying duration, treated during the period of 2004-05.
Source and Collection of Data :
IPD/OPD units of Govt.Homoeo Research Dept, Hyderabad.
IPD/OPD units of Govt.Homoeo Hospital,Hyderabad.

Inclusion criteria :
All cases of diabetes mellitus, both sexes are included. Both positive and negative cases included. All cases were included after a clinico-pathological reinvestigation and diagnosis including immunology; serology and radiology when necessary. No invasive techniques were used.

Exclusion criteria :
Cases with severe joint deformities and complications were excluded. Patients with known immunocompromised diseases and pregnant women were excluded from the study.

Discussion and Summary :
In the study population age distribution the maximum number of cases were between 41-60 years though it ranged from 21 to 61 and above. It is a disorder of 4th decade onwards.
Sex distribution – There was a definite female preponderance in the study group for probably due to hormonal differences between male and female.
Occupation data—The housewife occupation reflects more the type of patients who attended the outpatient unit rather than an evidence of preponderance of disease in housewife.
For an effective assessment and prognostic evaluation of disease the different scales most widely used and recommended in diabetes especially with reference to the values like fasting blood glucose and glycosylated haemoglobin in addition to the values like haemoglobin etc indirectly reflects the efficacy of homoeopathic medicines in the treatment.

The data analysis is shown in terms of ranges in value and means values with standard deviation keeping the need of statistical significance.

Conclusions:
a) Age group is above the middle age.
b) Female preponderance.
c) Possible methods in selection of Homoeopathic remedy were adopted.
d) Drug analysis shows the list of frequently indicated Homoeopathic remedies listed.
e) The change in the values of parameters before and after treatment has shown significant difference with Homoeopathic treatment (FBS/PLBS/HBA1c(glycosylated haemoglobin).
f) Response of the Homoeopathic medicines with duration of improvement in relation to blood sugar levels were presented (FBS/PLBS).
g) Complementary and miasmatic background observed.
h) Thus this study in evaluation of efficacy of Homoeopathic medicines in the treatment of Diabetes Mellitus has evidently shown with scientific and statistical support.
i) Sense of well being after taking Homoeopathic medicines in those whose blood sugar values show no change in spite of continuing Allopathic medicines.

IDENTIFICATION OF HOMOEOPATHIC MEDICINES - A new approach
 by Dr. M. Devandra Kumar BHMS MD (Hom).

Aim : The main objectives are to standardize the Homoeopathic medicine, to identify a given homoeopathic medicine among many
Samples and select the similimum to an individual.

Procedure in brief :
The medicines were tested on different individuals and the data was collected. This data was plotted in the form of standard graphs. It was observed that there is a great degree of relationship between the actions of the homoeopathic medicines and the rotation of the earth.
There are constant changes in the natural process in the universe.
The changes in the natural process are similar at a given time in the universe.
Individuals differ due to space and time effect.
Based on these principles; the data was collected from the provers by giving them a single dose of medicine (6-9 pills to each individual). The two lined graphs show the action of the same medicine on two individuals. In this experiment, it was observed that there are similarities between remedies like Natrum mur and Kali carb. With other procedures these similarities can be differentiated. With improved techniques; it enabled to identify medicine within 2 minutes.

Conclusions :
 With this study it is possible to explain the relationship between the medicines.
 Based on this approach, it is easy to select similimum and follow up medicine at a given time.

Recommendations :
 Wide extensive research should be conducted on these lines to standardize the homoeopathic medicines.
 Further studies on these methods may lead to standardization of medicines without proving.

BRAIN FESTIVAL AT MAHABHALESHWAR By Dr. Sanjeev.M.Lazar.
The author has been practising single medicine but in multiple doses. He never tried to touch incurables like cancer as he thought that they were the monopoly of the stalwartz.
Dr. Prafull Vijayakar – vital force of predictive Homoeopathy in his seminar at Mahabhaleshwar on first and last days of session regarding incurable cases. He pointed that that everything is written in Organon founding his explanations on Aphorisms and footnotes. He reminded that it is fruitless to brood over the wrong remedy rather than adminisrering right similimum with proper verification before at hand. We have to be ‘Platinas’ to outcaste the wrong remedy. Cerebral palsy (Kali brom), Leukemia (Bell), Astrocytoma (Silicea) were presented. Differentiation of different medicines like Kali bichromicum, Flouric acid, Barytas and snakes etc were done.

HOMOEO WORLD
GENERAL WORLD
1. Folate prevents memory loss and lowers blood pressure. Folate rich foods – spinach, bananas, tomatoes, lentils, nuts and whole grains. In a Tufts University study; men on a high folate diet hard sharper cognitive skills 3 years later. Folate opens up blood vessels which help your brain function. Younger women who took at least 1000 mcg folates a day were 46% less likely to develop high blood pressure those who consumed less than 200 mcg. 1 cup of raw spinach – 60 mcg, handful nuts –40 mcg with some bread and fruit we will get 400 mcg. Folate deficiency is linked with number of carcinomas. High folate diet – Some experts say that it cause seizures for these taking anticonvulsants.
2. Injectable Osteoporosis drug shows promise.
Denosaumb increases bone mineral density and reduces rate of bone destruction in post menopausal women. It is a humanised monoclonal antibody that tilts bone balance back towards acceptable equilibrium. It actually prevents the activation of bone bursting cells osteoclasts. It is injected under the skin and it would likely avoid gastrointestinal upset.
3. Drug helps fight functional dyspepsia.
Functional dyspepsia, a condition characterized by unexplained abdominal pain. For this itropride has offered more effective opinion. Dyspepsia is upper abdominal pain usually in the center of abdomen. No known cause. Other symptoms include heartburn, nausea and feeling of fullness. Other causes of pain must be ruled like ulcer or gall stones. Unexplained abdominal pain for longer than 12 weeks is called chronic functional dyspepsia. Life style changes are suggested.

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