Dr. Mahendra Singh worked from 1962- 2004 in the Calcutta Homoeopathic Medical College in the Department of Organon of Medicine as Lecturer, then as Professor & HOD & as Superintendent.

Dr. Subhas Singh is a teacher at National Institute of Homoeopathy, Govt. of India, in the Dept. of Organon of Medicine. He is doing his Ph. D on the History of Homoeopathy & Similia.

Foreword by: DR. S. P. S. BAKSHI & DR. RAMJEE SINGH

Review by: DR. S. M. SINGH & DR. L. M. KHAN

Published by: Dr. Indu Manish
Homoeopathic publications- 1
Raja Raj Narayan Street
Kolkata- 700009
First edition was published at 2004.

There is a quoting of August Bier; a noble worthy scientist on the cover page.  “It is possible to find in the Organon the highest wisdom & greatest foolishness according to the natural tendency of the reader.”

Price: RS. 300/-

The errors of Dr. Hahnemann in facts & editing have been corrected. Errors of Dudgeon in translation, information & editing, Boerick’s errors of translation, editing, commission & omission & anomalies of the American, German, & Indian publishers have been corrected.

CONTENTS
 Aphorisms
 Appendix
 Introduction
 Organon of medicine
 Chronology of Translations, Editions and Prints
 Contents
 Ground plan of the Organon
 Frame of Organon of medicine
 Sketch of Organon of medicine
 Inter relationship of the Aphorisms
 Prefaces
 Review of this book
 S. Hahnemann :

• Biography
• Chronology
• Creations in travels

No translator can ever substitute Dr. R. E. Dudgeon’s work. Dudgeon’s translation is unique in respect to its being in the Standard English language of his time and in most of the places, it has maintained the frame of Hahnemann’s German sentences.

It is equally true that Dr. Dudgeon committed some gross errors in translation, editing and in the subject matters.

The title of the book is First corrected, retranslated and redacted English edition because for the first time correction of the errors of Hahnemann since 1805 and his errors in different editions of Organon, the errors of R.E.Dudgeon since 1849, of Wesselhoeft since 1876 and of William Boericke since 1922, of the English publishers since 1833 (Devrient’s translation of 4th edition), the Indian publishers since 1955, which were not corrected for such a long period have been corrected in this book. The corrections may be seen in relevant places.

1. There were errors and anomalies in the:
a. Subject matters and statements
b. Translations
c. Editing
d. References
e. Comparisons and errors of
f. Omissions and
g. Commissions

2. The errors were in
a. The Prefaces of the Organon of medicine
b. The Introduction to the Organon of Medicine
c. The Aphorisms of Organon
d. Hahnemann’s Medicine of Experience and
e. R.E. Dudgeon’s Appendix to the Organon

A) Errors of Dr. S. Hahnemann
a. In the content of 5th edition he wrongly put footnote to § 12 which should be under §11.
§ 12

It is the morbidly affected vital force that alone produces diseases, so that the morbid phenomena perceptible to our senses reveal the whole disease.

Footnote: How the vital force produces disease, it would be of no practical utility to the physician to know; only what is necessary for him to know the disease)

§ 11
Dynamic influence of a morbific agent to spiritual, automatic vital force causes a disease.

b. In the foot note to § 117 (idiosyncrasy) of the 5th and 6th editions

§ 117
Idiosyncrasy means peculiar corporeal constitutions which, although otherwise healthy, posses a disposition to be brought into more or less morbid state by certain things which seem to produce no impression & no change in many other individuals. This derangement of health in idiosyncrasies can also be ascribed to those things that produce them. That these agents do actually make this impression on every healthy body is shown by this, that when employed as remedies they render effectual homoeopathic service to all sick persons for morbid symptoms similar to those they seem to be only capable of producing in so- called idiosyncratic individuals.

Footnote: Thus the Princess Maria Porphyrogeneta restored her brother, the Emperor Alexius who suffered from fainting, by sprinkling him with rose water; saw great benefit from rose vinegar in cases of syncope.

Dr. Hahnemann wrongly mentioned Alexius as the brother of Princes Maria. Alexius was her father. Dudgeon wrongly wrote her name as Porphyghnita which Boericke copied. It was Porphyrogeneta.

c. In the footnote no.2 of § 110 of the 4th edition
§ 110

None of the observers before Dr. Hahnemann ever dreamed that the symptoms they recorded merely as proofs of the noxious & poisonous character of these substances were sure revelations of the power of these drugs to extinguish curatively similar symptoms occurring in natural diseases, that these their pathogenetic phenomena were intimations of their homoeopathic curative action, & that the only possible way to ascertain their medicinal powers is to observe those changes of health medicines are capable of producing in the healthy organism.

d. Incomplete and abbreviated names in his footnotes.

e. Erroneous numbering of §§ 216, 217 and 218 in the II and III editions (there were no aphorisms numbering §§ 216, 217 and 218 & after 215 the next number given by him was § 219)

f. Wrong reference in paragraph 15 of Medicine of experience

B) Errors of Dr. R.E. Dudgeon

a) His mistakes in facts

i) In his translator’s Preface

a. Dudgeon wrote 1805 as the year of publication of Medicine of Experience but in his other writings, he wrote 1806 as its year.
b. He called only two of Dr. Hahnemann’s writings as the precursor of Organon of Medicine (“Medicine of experience” & “An essay on new principle for ascertaining the curative powers of drugs”).

ii) In the Introduction

a. He gave wrong reference in the footnote no. 37, (4th paragraph) of paragraph 89.

Paragraph 89: The manufacturers of lacquered ware apply to a part scalded with hot varnish a substance that causes a similar burning sensation such as strong heated spirits or oil of turpentine.

Footnote: No.2, 4th paragraph: - Thus John Bell in the case of a lady, who had scalded both arms, caused one to be covered with oil of turpentine and made her plunge the other into cold water. In half an hour the first arm was well, but the other continued to be painful for 6 hours longer.
Hahnemann in all of his German editions has written John Bell, but R.E. Dudgeon in his translation has written it wrongly as Benjamin Bell.

b. Dudgeon did not correct Hahnemann’s mistake in paragraph 15 of Medicine of Experience although R. Hughes had pointed it out.

iii) In the Aphorisms

a. Dudgeon did not correct Hahnemann’s error in footnote to § 11.
b. In the footnote to § 117 of the Organon

iv) In the Appendix

a. In the footnote to §8

Footnote to §8: Hufeland, chief of the old school said that ‘Homoeopathy can remove the symptoms, but the disease remains’ (Vide Homöopathie, P. 27, 1,19). This he maintained partly from mortification at the progress made by Homoeopathy to the benefit of mankind, partly because he still was holding thoroughly material notions respecting disease. He viewed the disease as something material.

Appendix to §8 footnote: A translation of Hufeland’s Homöopathie will be found in the British Journal of Homoeopathy. XVI p.179

b. In the comparative chart in Appendix, he compared the contents of the Organon with that of the Medicine of Experience by mentioning the page numbers of Medicine of Experience. The publishers changed the page numbers of Medicine of Experience and so his comparison with Medicine of Experience became unusable.

b) Lack of uniformity in translations:

Dr. R. E. Dudgeon did not maintain uniformity of words in his translation & so any indexing of the Organon is difficult, e. g. aphorism 1 in the Organon (5e) & in the Appendix (1e), translation of the German word Beruf as mission in §1 & aim in §17.
§1
THE physician’s high & only mission is to restore sick to health, to cure as it is termed.
§17
When the disease is annihilated he health is restored, & this is the highest, the sole aim of the physician who knows he true object of his mission.

He translated German word Schnell as quickly in Medicine of Experience Paragraph 108 & as rapid in § 2 of the Organon, 5th edition.
§2
The highest ideal of cure is rapid, gentle & permanent restoration of the health.

He translated German word Sanft as mild in Introduction paragraph 78 & as gentle in 2.
§2
The highest ideal of cure is rapid, gentle & permanent restoration of the health.

German word Heilkunst is translated as Medicine in title of the 5th edition & as Healing Art in practice to 3rd & 4th editions.

c) Wrong translation by Dudgeon:
Dudgeon made gross mistakes in English translations; e. g. In the contents or text and in aphorisms 1, 52, 55 etc.

§52
There are but two principle methods of cure: the one based only on accurate observation of nature, on careful experimentation and pure experience, the homoeopathic and a second which does not do this, the heteropathic or allopathic.

§55
The palliative relief obtained at times from empirically discovered remedies whose almost instantaneous action is apparent to the patient, still serves to keep up the credibility and existence of the allopathic physicians.
(Ve- allopathic medicines which without any pathical relation to what is actually diseased in the body, attacks the parts most exempt from the disease. In §55 Dudgeon wrongly translated the word; “pathische” as pathological)


d) Dudgeon’s fault of commissions
In Preface to the 4th edition, Dudgeon, with out authority added the word ‘vis medicatrix’ (incomparable operations of nature’s self help in diseases), which Hahnemann had not.


e) Dudgeon’s fault of omissions

a) Dudgeon omitted foot note number 32 to paragraph 82 in the Introduction to the Organon.
Paragraph 82

Physicians sometimes observed a rapid cure with one simple medicinal substance, contrary to the usual custom, that admitted of none but mixtures of medicine in the form of a prescription.

Footnote: Examples of this kind can be found in the preceding editions of the Organon of Medicine [Dudgeon had omitted this footnote].
b) He omitted the closing sign (-) at the end of the chapters in whole of the Introduction to the Organon.

c) He removed Hahnemann’s words ‘ars conjecturalis’ (art of conjecture- art of guess) in the Preface to the 1st edition.

C) Errors of Dr. William Boericke, the English translator of the 6th edition.

a) Dr. William Boericke copied Dudgeon’s mistake in the text and translations of aphorisms 1, 52, 55 etc.

b) He changed many of Hahnemann’s words and put his own words, eg. § 204 of the 6th German edition, he changed Hahnemann’s word ‘miasms’ to ‘infection’.

§ 204
If we deduct all chronic infections that depend on a persistent unhealthy mode of living (§77) as also those medicinal maladies caused by irrational treatment by physicians of old school, most of the remainder of chronic diseases result from three chronic miasms, internal syphilis, internal Sycosis and internal Psora. Each of these infections was already in possession of the whole organism and had penetrated it in all directions before the appearance of primary local symptom of each of them.

c) Wm. Boericke made a serious mistake in the footnote to §11 and 13. He put the footnote to §13 on ‘Materia Peccans’ under §11 and since then ‘Materia Peccans’ has remained under §11.

§13
Allopaths considered disease as a thing separate from the living whole, from the organism and its animating vital force, be it of ever so subtle a character, (an absurdity-Materia Peccans!) that could only be imagined by the minds of a materialistic stamp.

d) Dr. Boericke did not mention R.E..Dudgeon’s name as the co-translator of the 6th edition, although 85% of the contents of the 6th edition are the same as that of the 5th edition.

e) Dr.Boericke included whatever Richard Haehl had published in the 6th German edition and did not examine whether the portions were in Hahnemann’s hand writing or not. Eg.
1. Boericke omitted Haehl’s footnote of §265.

§265
It should be thoroughly convinced in every case that the patient always takes the right medicine.

2. He included a portion and sub footnote to footnote of §270 though it was not in Hahnemann’s hand writing.

§270 -Drug dynamization

f) Dr. Boericke copied Dudgeon’s translation including his mistake of omitting Hahnemann’s footnote no.32 to paragraph 82 of the Introduction.

g) Dr. Boericke copied Dudgeon’s translation including his mistake of omitting Hahnemann’s dividing marks of chapters in Introduction. He even did not maintain Dudgeon’s greater space between the paragraphs at change of the chapters. Its effect was that no author of Organon could form a clear conception of Hahnemann’s Introduction.

h) He did not translate many of the changes made by Hahnemann in the 6th edition. Eg. In §13 Hahnemann replaced the word ‘vital force’ (5 e) by ‘dynamic’ (6 e) and the word ‘material’ by ‘wesen’ (essence, entity). But Boericke did not make the changes.
§13
Allopaths considered disease as a thing separate from the living whole, from the organism and its animating vital force, be it of ever so subtle a character, (an absurdity-Materia Peccans!) that could only be imagined by the minds of a ‘material’istic stamp.

i) In the content of Organon he did not include many additions by Hahnemann. Eg. Footnote to §78 and §245-251.

§78
The true natural chronic diseases are those that arise from a chronic miasm which when left to themselves always go on increasing and growing worse, not withstanding the best mental and corporeal regimen. The most robust constitution, the best regulated mode of living and the most vigorous energy of the vital force are insufficient for their eradication.
Footnote: During the flourishing years of youth, they remain unrecognized for years. Those affected appear in perfect health to their relatives, but in later years, after adverse conditions of life, they are sure to appear a new and develop more rapidly and assume a more serious character, but especially when disordered by inappropriate medicinal treatment.

Aphorism 245-251: mode of using the remedies

§246
Perceptibly progressive and strikingly increasing amelioration during treatment is a condition, which completely precludes every repetition of the administration of any medicine because all the good the medicine taken continues to effect is now hastening towards its completion. This frequently occurs in the cases of acute diseases. But in more chronic diseases, a single dose of an appropriately selected homeopathic remedy will at times even complete the cure but with slowly progressive improvement. It is important to the physician as well as the patient to get a rapid cure. This may be very happily affected under the following conditions: Firstly, if the medicine selected is perfectly homoeopathic; secondly, if it is highly potentized dissolved in water and given in proper small dose indefinite intervals.

Footnote: Although a single dose is suffice to accomplish a cure, in some, particularly in those of young children and very delicate and excitable adults, chronic as well as in serious acute diseases one such smallest dose of medicine, highly potentized dynamized is insufficient to effect all the curative action that might be expected from that medicine. Here we have to administer several of them, in order that the vital force may be pathogenically altered by them to such a degree and its salutary reaction stimulated to such a height, as to enable it to completely extinguish, by its reaction the whole disease. But we do not frequently repeat the remedy again & again.

j) Boericke did not care to correct gross and palpable errors of Dudgeon, eg. In Introduction 4th paragraph footnote no. 2 (serial footnote no.37) to paragraph 89.

D) Errors of M/s Boericke & Tafel, U. S. A.

• M/s Boericke & Tafel did not examine Richard Haehl’s German edition & so whatever mistakes Dudgeon had committed & Boericke had copied remained without correction in their publication.

• In 1932 they published dudgeon’s translation of 5th edition as well as Boericke’s translation of the 6th edition. The two publications were published with 2 different faces settings of the same thing or matter, e.g. in the Introduction to the Organon, Dudgeon’s translation maintained a bigger space between paragraphs but the extra space was not maintained by B. T. in the print of the 6th edition.

• Ricard Haehl had given serial number to the footnotes in his edition of the 6th edition but Boericke & Tafel maintained Hahnemann old style of separate serial number for footnotes on each page.

E) Errors of the Indian translators of Orgnon of Medicine

Since Indian translators either translated from the Dudgeon’s translation or from Boericke’s translation, they committed the mistakes made by Dudgeon & Boericke.

F) Errors of the Indian publishers

The Indian publishers of Organon are M/s M. Bhattacharya & Co, Roy publishing or Economic, & Modern Homoeopaths in Calcutta, B. Jain Publishers, Indian Books & Periodical Publishers & Pratap Medical Publishers in New Delhi.

M/s M. Bhattacharya & Co. was the pioneers. They published the 1st Indian print in 1955 as a combined edition of 5th & 6th editions. It was copied from Dudgeon’s translation & Boericke’s translation; they combined the mistakes made by Dudgeon & Boericke.

In 1961 M/s Economic Homoeo Pharmacy published a combined edition. They changed the pages without considering Dudgeon’s Appendix note mark (a) & it added loss to the readers because the Appendix note marks have lost relation with the contents of the Appendix of Dudgeon.

B. Jain Publishers, Indian Books & Periodical Publishers & Pratap Medical Publishers in New Delhi made copies from Economic print the errors of Economic print remained.

G) Errors of the Indian authors & commentators
It is apparent that the writings of all of the Indian authors & commentators on Organon of Medicine are based on Dudgeon’s & Boericke’s translation or of both. This includes writings of Drs. D. N. Roy, S. N. Sengupta, B. K. Sarkar, N. Sinha etc. Since the source book was erroneous these books were bound to be faulty.

H) Errors of the critics of Hahnemann, Organon, & Homoeopathy

The critics have criticized Dr. Hahnemann for not understanding him or not accepting him & also for erroneous understanding due to faulty translations.

These corrections have been done:
 By making a comparative study of Dr. Hahnemann’s all the 6 original German editions Organon of Medicine & his Medicine of Experience.
 By comparing all the English translations of the Organon
 With the help of German-English, German-Medical and English Medical Dictionaries of Hahnemann’s and Dudgeon’s period and
 With the help of persons proficient in German and English languages
 By studying the relevant matters in books on history of science, history of medicine and history of Homoeopathy and
 With the help of journals, souvenirs and other publications

It is called Redacted Edition because it has been improved upon Dudgeon, Wesselhoeft, Boericke, Hering’s Academy, Devrient and other English translators and publishers and it has redacted and simplified many of their sentences, translations and editing.

a) The French, Latin, Greek and German words used by Hahnemann which were not translated in English by Dudgeon or others have been translated in English.
b) Word meanings of non-English and difficult English words in Prefaces and Introduction have been given.
c) For the first time in the history of Homoeopathic literature, the authors compiled and completed a comparative chart of the paragraphs of the Introduction to the different editions of the Organon and placed in the Appendix.
d) The words like Häsler, Köthen etc. of German language have been printed according to their pronunciation as Hæsler, Koethen etc.
e) Dudgeon and Boericke abbreviated the references mentioned in the footnotes their full name and meaning in English have been given.
f) Separate footnotes have been used for

• Explanation or word meanings and
• Brief biographies of the persons mentioned by Hahnemann

g) In footnotes, have been given
• Serial number to the footnotes as a whole
• A separate footnote number for the 5th edition
• A separate number for the footnote for 6th edition
• The footnotes have been marked in such a way that at a glance
a) Its serial number in the total number of footnotes,
b) Its serial number in the particular edition of Organon
c) Its attachment to the particular paragraph or aphorism can be understood

For example:
In the Introduction: Footnote 3 3:6e:Int.8:1 3:5e:Int.8:1 means serially footnote

no.3, which is serially 3rd footnote in 6th edition and serially 3rd footnote in 5th edition, is attached to paragraph 8 of Introduction and among the footnotes to paragraph 8 it is serially footnote no.1.

h) Serial numbers have been given to the paragraphs of the Prefaces
i) Serial number to the paragraphs of Hahnemann’s Introduction to Organon
j) Hahnemann in his each editions of Organon divided his Introduction into chapters by a closing line (-) at the end of the chapter. R.E. Dudgeon removed the closing line and instead indicated the end of the chapter by an increased gap between the paragraphs. The increased gap system was not followed by Dr. Boericke which was copied by all Indian publishers. In this book the chapters have been separated by a closing sign (-) at the end of the chapters.
k) Dudgeon’s omissions in the Introduction have been rectified.
l) Different kinds of letters or type settings have been used

i. for the 5th edition- ordinary letters
ii. for the 6th edition- bold letters
iii. for footnotes- smaller case
iv. Editor’s notes- Ms (Mahendra Singh) and Ss (Subhas Singh). These letters have been used

m) In the Appendix
i. The editions mentioned are printed in bold letters.
ii. The Aphorisms of each edition have been compared with the original edition and are corrected properly.
iii. For the first time a comparative chart of the paragraphs of the Introduction to the different editions of the Organon is placed in the Appendix.
iv. Dudgeon’s errors in the comparative chart have been rectified.


NEW ADDITIONS
 William Boericke’s Translator’s Preface.
 The translations of Hahnemann’s Prefaces by C.E.Wheeler, A.Drysdale, Mahendra Singh, C.H.Devrient, C.Wesselhoeft, Jost Kunzli, Steven Decker etc.
 Dictionary of Difficult Words in Prefaces and Introduction.
 Comparative Chart of the Paragraphs of Introduction.
 Hahnemann’s brief Biography.
 Chronology of Hahnemann’s life and works.
 Chronology of creations and Journeys.
 A chronology of Editions, Translations and Prints of the Organon.
 Inter relations of the Aphorisms of Organon.
 A sketch of Organon.
 Frame of the different editions of Organon.
 Story of delay in publication of the 6th edition.

BIOGRAPHY OF Dr. SAMUEL CHRISTIAN FRIEDRICH HAHNEMANN (1755-1843)

Dr. Samuel Hahnemann was born in the town of Meissen, Saxony, Germany on 11th April 1755, early morning. This was recorded in the church register in Meissen but Hahnemann, in his autobiography wrote, “I was born on April 10th 1755. His father Christian Gottfried Hahnemann was a painter. Johanna Christiana Spiess was his mother.

Education:
He was admitted to the Town School on 20th July 1767. His father sent him as an apprentice to a grocery store in Leipsic. Magister Muller, the head of the Town School urged Gottfried Hahnemann to allow his son Samuel to return to the school. In 1770 Samuel went to the Princess School. He left Princess School after submitting a dissertation in Latin, as was the custom, titled: The Wonderful Structure of the Human Hand. In 1775 he left for Leipsic University to study Medicine.

At the young age of 22 years, he was well versed in Greek, Latin, English, Italian, Hebrew, Syriac, Arabic, Spanish, German & a little bit of Chaldiac languages. During his 2 years stay in Leipsic he translated John Stedman’s PHYSIOLOGICAL EXPERIMENTS & OBSERVATIONS, Nugent’s ON HYDROPHOBIA Falkoner’s ON MINERAL WATERS & WARM BATHS.

Dr. Hahnemann then left for Vienna where he entered the Hospital of the Brother’s of Mercy. There he became favourite student of DR. Von Quarin, Physician In- Ordinary to the Empress Marie Theresa. The Governor of Transylvania Baron Von Brukenthal invited him to go to Hermannstadt with him as family physician. After 1 year& 9 months, he went to Erlangen. He made special studies in Botany under Royal Physician Dr. Schreber.

On the 10th AUGUST, 1779, at the age of 24 years, Hahnemann was awarded his master’s degree, M. D., i. e. “DOCTOR OF MEDICINE” from Erlangen University. His thesis consisted 20 printed pages on: A CONSIDERATION OF THE ETIOLOGY & THERAPEUTICS OF SPASMODIC AFFECTION (R. Haehl translated it as: a view of the causes & treatment of cramp).

Medical Practice:(1779- 1792)
He began his practice in Hettstedt Town. In 1781 he reached Dessau. & at the end of the year, he accepted the post of Medical Officer in Gommern near Magdeburg.

His writings were published in a journal named Kreb’s Medical observations. His interest in Chemistry brought him into contact with Haesler’s Pharmacy, where he became acquainted with Haesler’s step daughter Henriette Leopoldine Kuechler. Hahnemann married her on 17th November, 1782.

In 1785 Hahnemann’s translation of French chemist, J Demachy’s ‘The whole sale manufacture of chemicals, or the science of preparing chemical products in factories’ appeared in two volumes.

Dissatisfaction with the system of medicine:

His dissatisfaction with the medical practice of his time is best expressed in his own words in his essay, AESCULAPIUS IN BALANCE (1805).

In 1792 Hahnemann reached Gotha. The benevolent Prince Duke Ernst Von Sachsen- Gotha pleaced his hunting castle of Georgenthal at Hahnemann’s disposal as a nursing home for mental patients. It was here that Klockenbring was brought as a patient and when he was cured, the institution was closed in 1793.

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