| |
Baran Climens
Martia Fronz Von Boenninghausen was born in Netherlands in west
Germany in 1785.He made so many important contribution in to the
field of homoeopathy.he was considered as the father of
homoeopathic repertories. He was in close touch with Hahnemann
until the close of Hahnemann’s life. Among his works
Boenninghausen’s therapeutic pocket book was a major one. It was
published in the year 1846.
It is a
combination of his 4 books as follows
q Repertory of antipsoric medicines –1832
q Repertory of medicine which are not antipsoric-1835
q Kinship of homoeopathic medicines -1836.
All the three masterpieces combined to form the therapeutic
pocket book.
After his death DR
TF ALLEN added sides of the body (1853) to the text.
The original book was written in German language, which were
first time translated to English by a homoeopathic physician
whose name is not known. A short time afterwards Hempel
translated these books. The literature was handled by Okie, CM.
Boger and TF Allen and lastly edited by H.A.Roberts and Annie C
Wilson. TFAllen made a lot of additions and deletions. He added
the sides of the body and 120 remedies and deleted 4 remedies
(126-4+220=342). This book is known as T.F.Allen’s
boennninghausen’s therapeutic pocket book because he has left
more lasting impression up on his book.
The therapeutic pocket book is based on grouping of symptoms of
Hahnemannian teachings based on Boenninghausen’s “doctrines”
such as
Ø Doctrine of concomitants
Ø Doctrine of generalization
Ø Doctrine of analogy
Repertory uses: -
A repertory is an index of symptoms, arranged systematically.
The system of arrangement may be founded in turn up on definite
guiding principles; or it may be alphabetical or schematic.
Purpose of repertory: - have got two definite purposes:
1) to serve as a reference and guide in looking up particular
symptom that may indicate the simillimum,
2) For careful study of all the symptoms that may appear in a
chronic case.
The repertory is not meant for use in those cases where there
are clear cut indications for the simillimum. If the repertory
is used here it might be used in the manner of a quick
reference, to verify leading indications of the remedy, or a
slight doubt were felt to, differentiate between those seemingly
indicated.
For physicians who have not gained through of materia medica
repertory is an important aid in the selection of simillimum.
Useful in chronic cases where several remedies emerge only in
shadowy out line from a back ground that is a network of chronic
symptoms ever more intricately woven. (Cases after mismanagement
after mismanagement superimposed upon circumstantial stress and
that again up on hereditary tendencies)
T he value of repertory depends up on several elements
The art of physician in taking the case.
The knowledge of repertory one attempt to use.
Its philosophical back ground.
Its construction.
Its limitation
Its adaptability.
Intelligent use of resulting analysis.
The art of the physician in taking the case
The case: - Combination of subjective and objective symptoms.
The art of case taking embraces the art of physician in securing
the confidant of the patient, and drawing out from him those
Ø Subjective symptoms, of the mind, body and spirit.
Ø Observation of those observable symptoms
Ø General atmosphere radiated by he patient.
Doctrine of analogy
ymptoms which existed in an incomplete state in some part of a
given case could be reliably completed by observing the
condition of other parts of the given case. For E.g.: - it was
not possible by questioning a patient to decide what aggravated
or ameliorated particular symptoms of the case, the patient
would readily express a condition of amelioration of some other
symptom. In this condition boenninghausen discovered that
condition of aggravation or amelioration are not confined to
this or that particular symptoms; but that like the,
“Red thread in the cordage of the British Navy” they
apply to all the symptoms of the case.
Totality of symptoms and its corresponding simillimum
which the homoeopathic prescriber seeks are both based on the
same idea. In reality patient is not expressing many symptoms,
but only parts of a very few complete symptoms, which the
examiner should bring together and complete. Boenninghausen so
designed his pocket book that it would enable the physician to
bring the symptoms together and complete one part by another.
The perceptible symptoms of the disease are broken up and
scattered through different parts of a patient’s organism in
much the same way that symptoms are dispersed in the ordinary
repertories. The scattered parts must be found and brought
together in harmonious relation according to the typical form.
Boenninghausen proceeds up on the Hahnemannian theory that it is
the patient who is sick – not his head, nor his eyes, nor his
heart. Every symptom that refers to a part may be predicated to
the whole man.
If a stitching pain felt in the eyes it belong to the whole man
and stitching pain is noted as a characteristic of his complaint
in general.
Boenninghausen’s primary and secondary symptoms: -
The symptoms of the materia medica, like symptoms appearing in
sickness, may be reduced to certain fundamental forms,
corresponding to the genera and species of biological science,
or the generals and particulars of logic. These boenninghausen
called the primary and secondary symptoms. These are the
elements of symptomatology. In like manner, each particular
symptom, primary or secondary, may be reduced to its elements of
location, sensation, and conditions.
The philosophical background
Hahnemann himself compiled a short repertory of some of his
leading symptoms; this was printed in Latin. Later he developed
the repertory ideas still further, but these later repertories
are still in manuscript form, never having been published.
Boenninghausen was a close friend and student of Hahnemann, and
it was with the encouragement of Hahnemann that Boenninghausen
developed his his first repertory, Repertory of antipsorics,
published in 1832. In 1835 Boenninghausen published his
Repertory of medicines which are not antipsorics; in 1836 his
attempt at showing the relative kinship of homoeopathic
remedies. Ten years later he published his therapeutic manual
for homoeopathic physician.
In constructing his therapeutic pocket book Boenninghauens based
his grouping of symptoms on Hahnemann’s teaching that the
homoeopathic physician prescribe on the totality of the case.
According to
boenninghausen totality was not only the sum total of the
symptoms, but was in itself one grand symptom- the symptom
of the patient. the grand symptoms – the totality itself – three
factors must be present 1. Locality: the part, organs, or tissue
involved in the disease process.
2. Sensation: the kind of pain, sensation, functional or organic
changes characterizing the morbid process.
3. Condition of aggravation or amelioration of the symptoms: the
circumstances causing, exciting, increasing, or decreasing the
suffering.
“ Warp of the
fabric.”
This term is used to express the leading symptom of a chronic
case. These appear in every chronic case, and often to a marked
degree. These are always leading symptoms, and these may be
defined as those symptoms for which there is clear pathological
foundation; or the symptoms that are most prominent and clearly
recognizable; or the symptom which first attract the attention
of the patient or the physician; or which cause the most
suffering; or which indicate definitely the seat and nature of
the morbid process.
In the leading symptoms alone, there is nothing particularly
characteristic from the standpoint of the prescriber.
For e.g.: - we have so many remedies having cerebral
congestion, inflamed liver, inflamed lung etc. any one of these
may become a leading symptom, yet inflammation of any organ is
not a fact of great value in leading the prescriber to the
simillimum.
Boenninghausen in the plan of his repertory, emphasized the
value of complete symptom (location, sensation, conditions) but
he added the fourth requirement, equally imperative to the first
three, this was the concomitant symptom, and the repertory is
founded on the doctrine of concomitant symptom.
The word concomitant means existing or occurring together;
attendant;
The noun means attendant circumstance.
In nearly every case we may find one or more concomitant
symptoms, these symptoms seemingly no relation to the leading
symptoms from the standpoint of theoretical pathology. They are
the symptoms, which we find no reason for their existences in
the individual. We might almost term them as “ unreasonable
attendance “.
These symptoms are important in finding out the simillimum
because they exist at the same time, in the same patient.
One could prescribe successfully up on one symptom by following
the plan laid down in the pocket book, provided that one symptom
should be complete.
The concomitant symptoms to the totality what the
condition of aggravation or amelioration is to the single
symptom.
The foundation of Boenninghausen’s therapeutic book is the
doctrine of concomitants.
CONSTRUCTION OF THE REPERTORY
One of the outstanding features of boenninghausen’s repertory
construction is that he embodied the variation in sizes of type,
signifying the varying importance of the symptom-rubric to the
various drug listed.
In Allen’s edition we find five types
CAPITAL (5)
Bold face (4)
Italics (3)
Roman (2)
and (roman) (1)
“The fifth place the last of all, contains the doubtful
remedies, which require critical study, and which occurs most
seldom...”
While constructing a repertory the plan must be elastic enough
to allow the separated part of a remedy or a symptom to be
brought together in such form as would correspond to any group
of symptoms that might arise in practice. The symptoms should be
separated in such a manner it would not destroy the
individuality nor restrict the integrity.
The problem was a difficult one, but the fine analytical mind of
the
“Sage of Munster” solved it. He conceived the figurer of a
great all inclusive symptom totality, made up of the cardinal
points of location, sensation, condition of aggravation and
amelioration, and concomitants, under which all the symptoms of
materia medica, and all the symptoms of the disease as well
should be covered.
An anonymous
person made this book to English the first translation. This
work contains so many typographical errors and obsolete
phrasing. Then the translation was done by Hempel these early
editions divided in to seven parts. Other translators were Okei,
Boger, T.F.Allen etc.T.F.Allen has left a more lasting
impression up on the pocket book, because it was he who added
many of the eye symptoms, and combined Boenninghausen’s
repertory of sides of the body with the original pocket book.
The seven parts
in the early editions were as follows,
1. Mind and intellect.
2. Parts of the body and organs.
3. Sensation and complaints
a) in general
b) of glands
c) of bones
d) of skin.
4. Sleep and dreams
5. Fever
circulation of blood
cold stage
coldness
heat
perspiration
compound fevers
concomitant complaints.
6. Alteration of the state of health
Aggravations according to time
Aggravation according to the situation and circumstances.
Amelioration by position and circumstances
7. Relationship of remedies.
MIND AND INTELLECT
There are very few rubrics under this section, which have been
criticized by many competent homoeopaths. Boenninghausen based
his work on the value of concomitants and he never wanted to
reflect the picture through mental and his stand was to show the
totality through foursquare foundation and mental symptoms were
deliberately neglected.
Ø 18 rubrics in mind section.
Ø 18 rubrics in intellect
Ø 17 rubrics in the section aggravation under the rubric
emotional excitement.
Boenninghausen based his work on the concept of the whole man.
Placing the balance of the emphasis on the value of concomitant
symptoms and modalities; it is not his intention to reflect the
picture of whole man through his mental reactions. It was his
stand that the solid basis of the four square foundation was the
only method of securing the totality of the case.
PARTS OF THE
BODY AND ORGANS
Ø Based on the anatomical schema used by Hahnemann.
Ø This part run from the page 24 to142
Internal head ----> external head ----> sides of the head.
Eyes ( various location of eye) ----> Vision.
Face ( the objective symptoms observed in the face ---->location
of sensation in
Abdomen (locations) ----> flatulence -----> stool
Urinary organs ----> urine
Sexual organs ---->Menstruation ---->Leucorrhoea
Respiration ----> cough ---> expectoration ----> Air passages (
specific
location, voice )
Under these chapters devoted to parts of the body and organs ,
we find a few aggravations and rubrics related to sensation and
complaints.
SENSATIONS AND
COMPLAINTS
Allen’s edition puts the name sensation and complaints. In
earlier editions the heading was sensations.
Contains three types of rubric
Ø Subjective symptoms
Ø Complaints ( or conditions )
Ø Objective symptoms and also few locations
Subjective symptoms,
Desire for open air, aversion to open air, intolerance of
clothing, inclination to lie down, aversion to motion, desire
for motion restlessness, sensitive to pain, inclination to sit,
illusion of touch etc.
The symptoms of direction
Generalized or directional as follows
Symptoms of one side, left side, right side ,crosswise, left
upper and right lower and crosswise etc
The symptoms covering complaints
Apoplexy, consumption, convulsions, dropsy, emaciation, tendency
to take cold, nervous excitement, hemorrhage, frozen limbs,
apparent death, induration, inflammation, paralysis etc. appear
under this section even though they are not sensations.
Objective symptoms
Blackness externally, carphology, clumsiness, cracking of
joints, cyanosis etc.
Sleep and dreams
This section covers symptoms like yawning, sleepiness,
sleeplessness, and position in sleep and dreams.
Fever
There are seven subsections
In the old edition s there where 7 subsections in this part of
the book. In this edition the sub heads have been removed but
the same general outline in followed, with a single exception
which will be noticed. The original outline is
1. Circulation of blood
2. Cold stage
3. Coldness
4. Heat
5. Perspiration
6. Compound fevers
7. Concomitant complains
The first division has got
Anaemia, congestion, objective and subjective symptoms of blood
vessels and pulse.
Second division formerly called cold stage is what we term the
chilly stage. The rubrics are the modifications of chilliness.
The third and fourth divisions are reversed in Allen’s edition.
In this book we find
Circulation
Chilliness gen.
Heat
Coldness in general, with shivering
Sweat in general.
The rubrics devoted to perspiration follow in the old order,
with their modifications.
Then the rubric dealing with compound fever.
The old seventh section concomitant complaints are scattered
more or less through the part. Thus we find
q Heat with associated symptoms
q Sweat with associated symptoms,
q Before fever, During fever, after fever, etc.
Alteration in the state of health
Aggravation according to time
Aggravation according to the situations and circumstances
Amelioration by position and circumstances.
Allen has removed the headings of the subsections and has left
the
Aggravations and ameliorations.
The section aggravations covers number of conditions, while the
section devoted to amelioration is comparatively small, which
are usually not reported by the patient. Allen detected the
ameliorations, which are suggested by Boenninghausen and put
them, in under the contrary state, thus the rubric > heat has
been presented as < cold and it was Allen’s idea to make the
book even less cumbersome.
Relationship of remedies
The work on relationship of remedies was published in 1836. In
the earlier editions the chapter was called as concordance of
remedies but Allen comprehend the title as relationship of
remedies in therapeutic pocket book. this has become a
masterpiece for majority of homoeopathic physicians.
The chapter relationship is divided in to sections, each section
being devoted to a remedy, in alphabetical order. Each of these
remedy section is divided in to rubrics, as all are general
section in the book, but in this chapter we find the rubrics are
not particularized as symptoms, but are generalized symptom
group.This is divided into twelve sections which correspond to
materia medica part.
1. Mind
2. Localities
3. Sensations
4. Glands
5. Bones
6. Skin
7. Sleep and dreams
8. Blood, circulation and fever
9. Aggravation, time, circumstances
10. Other remedies
11. Antidotes
12. Injurious
We find that each rubric in this chapter of the book correspond
to a general section heading in the first part of the book. To
this added one, two, or three additional rubrics. The important
one is the “other remedies” the general relation ship of
remedies (other than the one heading this particular section of
the chapter relationship) to the remedy heading in this
particular section.this rubric other remedies covers all those
symptoms which do not fall into such regular groups like mind,
localities etc. The other two rubrics Antidotes and injurious
are easily comprehended.
|
|